Follow these instructions to successfully complete this marine mammals exercise. You may want to open a word document and type in all of your answers before you paste it on the blog. It may be easier to do this way. Your call however
1. click on the site of the Office of Protected Resources below
2. click on the laws and policies tab on top of the page
3. Find the Marine Mammal Protection Act fact sheet on the right hand side of the page and click on it
4. Read over the article and describe in a blog response what “take” means in the protection paragraph
5. Answer in the same blog response who is exempt from this Act
6. Click the back button or go back to the home page and Click on the Species tab on the top of the page
7. Scroll down and click on the link for 125 marine mammals worldwide
8. Click on the species link in the left sidebar
9. Click on the View the Species of Special Concern List
10. Pick out an animal and on the same blog response list the name of the mammal, it’s genus and species name in parenthesis, and write three interesting facts about this mammal in your blog response. Also cut and paste the conservation issues(listed in the table) for your mammal into your blog response at the end of your post
This is a lot to do, but take your time and go over the questions i asked to make sure you have completed the task
Click here for the Office of Protected Resources page
When you are finished with the posting on the blog, click on this link and play the marine mammal game
Marine Mammal Game
“Take” is defined as “To hunt, harass, capture or kill any marine mammal or to attempt to do so.”
The exceptions are permitted Commercial fishermen, including non-fishing activities, for scientific research and lisenced institutions (Aquariums, science centers, etc.)
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
-Before commercial hunting began in the mid-1700s, an estimated 150,000 to 300,000 sea otters occurred in coastal waters throughout the rim of the North Pacific Ocean from northern Japan to Baja California, Mexico.
-In 1911, hunting was prohibited under the terms of an international treaty for the protection of North Pacific fur seals and sea otters signed by the United States, Japan, Great Britain (for Canada), and Russia.
-Since the prohibition on commercial hunting in 1911, sea otters have recolonized or have been reintroduced into much of their historic range
Conservation Issues: Competition for commercial shellfish stocks, entanglement in commercial fishing gear, oil spills, disease outbreaks, contaminants, subsistence harvests, killer whale predation
1.“Take” specifically means to “hunt, harass, capture, or kill (or attempt any of the previous)” a marine mammal. Exceptions include mammals taken accidentally, mammals taken for scientific research, and mammals taken by licensed public institutions for display. This Act also does not apply to Native Alaskans on the Alaskan coast, but they need permits to sell “authentic” products so the taking is not conducted wastefully.
2.Name: North Atlantic Right Whale
Scientific Name: Eubalaena (glacialis)
The North Atlantic Right Whale is now one of the most endangered cetaceans, with its numbers reaching only about 300 in the North Atlantic. It is victim to tons of human-related accidents, such as being involved in ship collisions, getting caught in fishing nets, and occasional whaling. A Right Whale might exceed a 70-year lifetime.
Other conservation issues: critically small population size, genetic diversity, prey availability, and international collaboration.
“Take” means “to hunt, harass, capture or kill.”
Exceptions to the moratorium can be made through permitting actions for take incidental to commercial fishing and other nonfishing activities; for scientific research; and for public display at licensed institutions such as aquaria and science centers. The moratorium generally does not apply to Alaska natives who live on the Alaskan coast.
Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus)
-Polar bears can traverse vast territories, often crossing over borders and into international waters.
-Can live to 30 years of age.
-Can weigh from 660-1800 lbs.
Subsistence harvests, oil and gas exploration and development, oil spills, contaminants, management of sport hunts, management for public display, international collaboration.
- “Take” means “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so. The moratorium generally does not apply to Alaska natives who live on the Alaskan coast.
- Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
1) Manatees are slow-moving aquatic herbivores that feed in freshwater systems and the ocean.
2) They rarely venture into near-shore ocean waters except to travel between adjacent rivers or estuaries.
3) West Indian manatees, including the Florida manatee, have been listed as endangered.
- Conservation issues: Collisions with boats, habitat degradation, coastal development, availability of warm water refuges, entrapment in water control structures, red-tide related die-offs, entanglement in lost and discarded marine debris.
In this article, “take” means to harass, hunt, capture, kill or collect, or attempt to harass, hunt, capture, kill or collect a marine animal. This law exempts certain people for certain reasons such as the Alaska Natives for food and for scientific research. I picked the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi).There are only about 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals left. Monk seals have been in a very limited number ever since humans have inhabited Hawaii. However over the last decade the monk seal sightings and births have increased significantly showing some hope for this endangered species.
Take means to “harass, hunt, capture, kill or collect, or attempt to harass, hunt, capture, kill or collect.” To take an animal in such a manor in illegal and the Noaa fisheries work to protect animals from this fate.
Certain exceptions to this protection are granted including for small takes incidental to specified activities, when access by Alaska Natives to marine mammal subsistence resources can be preserved, and permits and authorizations for scientific research.
Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)
• Polar bears live for more than 30 years
• At maturity they weigh 300-800 kg
• All polar bears are left handed
Conservation issues: Subsistence harvests, oil and gas exploration and development, oil spills, contaminants, management of sport hunts, management for public display, international collaboration.
The protection paragraph defines “take” to mean “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so.
Exceptions to the moratorium can be made through permitting actions for take incidental to commercial fishing and other nonfishing activities; for scientific research; and for public display at licensed institutions such as aquaria and science centers.
Dugong (Dugong dugon)
The dugong is an herbivorous animal, Possible to exceed 70 years of age, can weigh up to 2,200 pounds at maturity.
In this article, the word take is defined as two different things. By MMPA take is said to ‘harass, hunt, capture, kill, or collect, or attempt to attempt to harass, hunt, capture, kill, or collect”. By the ESA, take is defined as “to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct. The Alaskan natives were exempt from this list for scientific research.
Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus)
There are 2 different stocks of Polar Bears in Alaska, Chukchi/Bering Sea Stock and the southern Beaufort Sea Stock.
Polar Bears can travel very far, over borders and into international waters.
Worldwide, there is an estimated number of Polar Bears which is 21,000-28,000
Conservation Issues: subsistence harvests, oil and gas exploration and development, oil spills, contaminants, management of sport hunts, management for public display, international collaboration.
1) The word take means to “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so.
2) the moratorium can be made through permitting actions for take incidental to commercial fishing
And other nonfishing activities; for scientific research; and for public display at licensed institutions
Such as aquaria and science centers.
The moratorium generally does not apply to Alaska natives who live on the Alaskan coast. The
MMPA contains provisions allowing for take for subsistence use or to create and sell “authentic
Articles of handicrafts and clothing” without permits or authorizations. The taking must not be
“Accomplished in a wasteful manner,” and the Secretaries of Commerce and the Interior may
Regulate the taking of a depleted species or stock, regardless of the purpose for which it is taken.
3) “Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus)”
This polar bear is 30 years old. He/She can traverse vast territories, often crossing over borders and into international waters. They are always going around Circumpolar distribution along coastal areas and islands of the arctic.
It defines “take” to mean “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so.
The moratorium generally does not apply to Alaska natives who live on the Alaskan coast.
Vaquita “Phocoena sinus”
The vaquita is found only in the shallow waters of the northern Gulf of California (Mexico).
The vaquita is one of the world’s most rare marine mammals.
Vaquita are similar to harbor porpoises with respect to life span, patterns of growth, age at sexual maturity, seasonal reproduction, and mating season.
Conservation issues:
Incidental take in commercial gillnets, critically small population size, international collaboration
Take: means to hunt capture or kill.
Excemptions: permitting actions for incidental to commercial fishing
and other nonfishing activities; for scientific research; and for public display at licensed institutions
such as aquaria and science centers.
Pick out an animal and on the same blog response list the name of the mammal, it’s genus and species name in parenthesis, and write three interesting facts about this mammal in your blog response. Also cut and paste the conservation issues (listed in the table) for your mammal into your blog response at the end of your post
Killer Whale (Orcinus orca)
• All killer whales are considered top-level predators
• The diet of resident killer whales appears to be composed of fish, whereas the transient form appears to prey primarily on marine mammals.
• Found worldwide in all oceans.
“Interactions with commercial fishing gear, predation on commercially valuable fish stocks, whale watching, genetic diversity, small social units, predation on sea otters and other depleted marine mammals.”
Take means to: Defined under the MMPA as “harass, hunt, capture, kill or collect, or attempt to harass, hunt, capture, kill or collect.” It exempts marine mammals from being “taken” out of U.S. waters, and also by U.S citizens in the high seas.
Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus)
1. Grey whales migration can exceed 10000 miles, it’s the longest migration out of all the mammals
2. They were protected from hunting in the 1930s by the league of nations
3. They usual live in shallow coastal waters
Juan navarrete
4. “to hunt harass, capture, or kill”
5. The MMPA contains provisions allowing for take for subsistence use or to create and sell.
6. Gray Whale
1. The eastern population has made perhaps the most complete recovery of any large whale population depleted by commercial whaling.
2. In contrast to the eastern population it remains one of the most critically endangered populations of any large whale numbers perhaps by 100 animals.
3. Gray whales were protected under a ban on commercial hunting adopted by the League of Nations in the mid-1930s.
Conservation issues- Management of native subsistence harvests, coastal development in breeding lagoons, prey availability, collisions with ships, entanglement in fishing gear, whale watching, offshore oil and gas development
Take means to (harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect, or attempt to do these things). Federal agencies may be exempt from this act, to the take prohibitions, including for small takes incidental to specified activities, when access by Alaska Natives to marine mammal subsistence resources can be preserved.
Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi)
1) It’s one of the world’s most endangered seals.
2) Most monk seals live in six major colonies (French Frigate Shoals, Laysan Island, Lisianski Island, Pearl and Hermes Reef, the Midway Islands, and Kure Atoll)
3) Over the past decade, both monk seal sightings and births have increased significantly in the main Hawaiian Islands.
Conservation issues: Direct and indirect fishery interactions, entanglement in marine debris, shark predation, intraspecies aggression by large males, human disturbance on haul-out beaches, contaminants
Take is like harass, hunt, capture, kill or collect, or attempt to harass, hunt, capture, kill or collect. Basically harass animals and take them for your own selfish wants.
There are few exceptions to rules but here are some people or organizations certain exceptions to the take prohibitions, including for small takes incidental to specified activities, when access by Alaska Natives to marine mammal subsistence resources can be preserved, and permits and authorizations for scientific research.
Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)
Worldwide polar bear numbers have been estimated at 21,000 to 28,000 animals
Circumpolar distribution along coastal areas and islands of the arctic
Polar bears weigh about 300-800 kg (660-1,800 lb)
Conservation issues: Subsistence harvests, oil and gas exploration and development, oil spills, contaminants, management of sport hunts, management for public display, international collaboration.
“Take” to mean “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so. The only ones exempt from this act are the Alaskan Natives. Atlantic wolfish – They live in reefs and are part of the lupus species. They can be found near Georges Bank & western Gulf of Maine. Anarhichas lupus
In the article the word ‘take’ means “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so. The only people that are exempt from this act are Alaska natives who live on the Alaskan coast.
Ribbon Seal
(Histriophoca fasciata)
1. Ribbon seals are strongly associated with sea ice for mating.
2. Ribbon seals alternate their foreflippers and swing their hindquarters to run across ice, rather than using the caterpillar-like movement typically used by most seals.
3. The ribbon seal is one of nine species of ice seals inhabiting the Arctic and is the only species in the genus Histriophoca.
Conservation Issues
The National Marine Mammal Laboratory is studying and monitoring ribbon seals to increase our knowledge of the species’ abundance, distribution, behavior, population structure, and diet. Currently, the ribbon seal is a species of concern. Like all marine mammals, the ribbon seal is protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972.
4.) “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so.”
5.) Does not apply to Alaska natives who live on the Alaskan coast.
6.) Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
-In 1911, hunting was prohibited under the terms of an international treaty for the protection of North Pacific fur seals and sea otters signed by the United States, Japan, Great Britain (for Canada), and Russia.
-Since the prohibition on commercial hunting in 1911, sea otters have recolonized or have been reintroduced into much of their historic range.
-Remnant groups in Alaska grew even more rapidly and, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, several hundred otters were moved from Amchitka Island and Prince William Sound to try to reestablish populations in southeastern Alaska and the outer coasts of Washington and Oregon.
CI: Competition for commercial shellfish stocks, entanglement in commercial fishing gear, oil spills, disease outbreaks, contaminants, subsistence harvests, killer whale predation.
It defines “take” to mean to hunt harass, capture, or kill any marine mammal or attempt to do so.
The exceptions are authorizing commercial fishing and other nonfishing activities; for scientific research; and for public display at licensed institutions such as aquaria and science centers. Also, Alaska native who live on the Alaskan coast are exempt from the moratorium. The MMPA contains provisions allowing for “take” for survival use or to create and sell “authentic articles of handicrafts and clothing” without permits or authorizations, but must not be done in a wasteful way.
Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
-In 1893, Florida banned the killing of manatees, making them one of the first wildlife species in the United States to have protection.
-Prolonged exposure to water temperatures below 18°C (65°F) can be lethal to manatees.
- Since passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973, West Indian manatees, including the Florida manatee, have been listed as endangered.
Conservation Issues: Collisions with boats, habitat degradation, coastal development, availability of warm water refuges, entrapment in water control structures, red-tide related die-offs, entanglement in lost and discarded marine debris
Take” in this article means to hunt harass, capture or kill any marine mammal. Those exempt from this are situations which pertain to some commercial fishing, scientific research, and licensed public displays. It circumstantially extends to native Alaskans who whose these mammals as a means of survival.
Dugong (Dugong dugon)
1.They are the only marine mammals in Australia that feed mainly on planets.
2.It is more closely related to an elephant that other marine animals.
3.They can live up to be up to 70 years old
Worldwide, the dugong is listed under the IUCN – the World Conservation Union – Red List of Threatened Animals as being vulnerable to extinction
In Australia, dugong are protected under various pieces of legislation. They listed as a marine and migratory species under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. They are also protected by other Commonwealth legislation such as the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 where they are a protected species.
4. Take is displayed to mean “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so.”
5. Alaskan natives
10. Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)
-Polar bears can traverse vast territories, often crossing over borders and into international waters
-Worldwide polar bear numbers have been estimated at 21,000 to 28,000 animals.
-They can live 30 years.
~Conservation issues: Subsistence harvests, oil and gas exploration and development, oil spills, contaminants, management of sport hunts, management for public display, international collaboration.
4. When a species is described as endangered, it is illegal to “take” that species. To “take” is to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect, or attempt to do these things.
5. However some individuals or groups are allowed to take an limited amount of species with permission from NMFS or USFWS.
10. Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). Alaskan and Russian natives hunt Pacific walruses for important means of maintaining cultural traditions. They can weigh more than 3,500 lbs.) Walruses do not use their tusks to dig for food. It is used for social activities and to help hunt and defend it self. Subsistence harvests, contaminants, international collaboration are the conservation issues.
4. “take” means we cannot attempt to hurt or kill the marine animals because they may be endangered.
5. Alaskan Natives can be exempt from the act and accidental fishing.
10. Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi). The Hawaiian monk seal is one of the world’s most endangered seals. But, over the past decade both monk seal sightings and births have increased significantly in the main Hawaiian Islands. The seals live to be about 30 years. Conservation issues: Direct and indirect fishery interactions, entanglement in marine debris, shark predation, intraspecies aggression by large males, human disturbance on haul-out beaches, contaminants
1.“Take,” described for the endangered species list means harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect, or attempt to do these things to a species in the list.
2.The moratorium generally does not apply to Alaska natives who live on the Alaskan coast. The MMPA contains provisions allowing for take for subsistence use or to create and sell “authentic articles of handicrafts and clothing” without permits or authorizations.
3.Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Alaska is home to two discrete stocks of polar bears: the western or Chukchi/Bering Seas stock, shared with Russia, and the southern Beaufort Sea stock, shared with Canada. Polar bears can traverse vast territories, often crossing over borders and into international waters. Worldwide polar bear numbers have been estimated at 21,000 to 28,000 animals. Conservation issues include subsistence harvests, oil and gas exploration and development, oil spills, contaminants, management of sport hunts, management for public display, international collaboration.
In the Protection paragraph, they state that “take” means “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so.
The exceptions can be made through permitting actions for take incidental to commercial fishing and other nonfishing activities; for scientific research; and for public display at licensed institutions such as aquaria and science centers. Alaska natives who live on the Alaskan coast are also exempt.
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris): In the mid 1700s, there was 150,000 to 300,000 sea otters but in 1911, there were only a few thousand left. In that year, an international treaty signed by the United States, Japan, Great Britain (for Canada), Russia prohibited the hunting of sea otters. The sea otter can live up to 15-20 years. In 1995, the Fish and Wildlife Service estimated that there were approximately 100,000 sea otters in Alaska, more than 2,300 in California, and more than 300 in Washington, and that all the populations were growing. Subsequently, however, both the California and southwestern Alaska populations were found to have declined, the latter by as much as 90 percent in some areas.
The conservation issues for the sea otter are competition for commercial shellfish stocks, entanglement in commercial fishing gear, oil spills, disease outbreaks, contaminants, subsistence harvests, killer whale predation.
The word “take” is defined by the MMPA as ‘to harass, hunt, capture, or kill’ any marine animal or attempts to do so. The onlt exceptions include Alaskan natives on the alaskan coast and scientific research as well as public distribution in aqauria and science centers.
An animal I picked out was the Killer Whale (Orcinus orca)
3 Facts about Orca or Killer Whales:
1. These animals live to be about 50-90 years old
2. They are found in every ocean in the world and are considered apex predators
3.In the North Pacific, these animals are divided into three non-associating forms or ecotypes: resident, transient and offshore. The only difference between these forms is there diet.
Interactions with commercial fishing gear, predation on commercially valuable fish stocks, whale watching, genetic diversity, small social units, predation on sea otters and other depleted marine mammals
Kalita Pillonetto
Period: 6
3/12/12
1.It’s illegal to “take” an endangered species, which means harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect, or attempt to do these things to that endangered species.
2. Federal agencies can sometimes be allowed to a limited take of species through interagency consolations with NMFs or USFWS, non-federal individuals or organizations may also have limited take through special permits with conservation plans.
3. Name: Hawaiian monk seal
Species: Monachus schauinslandi
Three interesting facts about the Hawaiian monk seal is that they live in six major colonies, history suggest that these seals have been rare in human’s histories, and from the past decade the birth and seeing of monk seals has been greater in the Hawaiian islands.
Conservation Issues: Direct and indirect fishery interactions, entanglement in marine debris, shark predation, interspecies aggression by large males, human disturbance on haul-out beaches, contaminants
1.”take” means “to hunt harass, capture, kill.”
2. Alaska natives who like on alaskan coast. Also for scientific research and for public display at licensed institutions such as aquaria and science centers.
3. Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Interesting facts:
a.) Can belong to 2 diffent ecotypes, coastal and offshore
b.) most common marine mammal along the U.S. Southeastern and Gulf of Mexico coasts
c.) can live approximately 50 years.
Conservation issues=Incidental take in commercial gillnets, disease outbreaks, small population units, contaminants, feeding and swimming with wild dolphins, management for public display, management of captive swim-with-the-dolphin programs
“take” means, to take the endangered animals to hunt, kill ,capture, and anything to harm the animals
Take:
Defined under the MMPA as “harass, hunt, capture, kill or collect, or attempt to harass, hunt, capture, kill or collect.”
Defined under the ESA as “to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct.”
Federal agencies are not allowed in this ACT
Animals
Name: Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)
Subsistence harvests, oil and gas exploration and development, oil spills, contaminants, management of sport hunts, management for public display, international collaboration.
Alaska is home to two discrete stocks of polar bears: the western or Chukchi/Bering Seas stock, shared with Russia, and the southern Beaufort Sea stock, shared with Canada. Polar bears can traverse vast territories, often crossing over borders and into international waters. Worldwide polar bear numbers have been estimated at 21,000 to 28,000 animals.
In the protection paragraph to “take” means to hunt, capture, harass, or kill any marine animal. The only exception to this act is made through permitting actions for take incidental to commercial fishing and other non-fishing activities; for scientific research; and for public display at licensed institutions such as aquaria and science centers.
Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)
• Weigh about 660-1800 pounds.
• Worldwide polar bear numbers have been estimated at 21,000 to 28,000 animals.
• Polar bears can traverse vast territories, often crossing over borders and into international waters.
1.)”take” means to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect, or attempt to do these things)
2.) Federal agencies are exempt
3.) Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) they occur in all oceans of the world but are more abundant in temperate and colder waters. They are divided into three non-association forms of ecotypes referred to as resident, transient, and offshore. All killer whales are considered top-level predators.
Conservation issues:
Interactions with commercial fishing gear, predation on commercially valuable fish stocks, whale watching, genetic diversity, small social units, predation on sea otters and other depleted marine mammals
Noaa defines “take” to mean “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so. Those that are exempt from such law include: Commercial fisheries, scientific research, and aquariums.
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
1. In the 1700’s there was as many as 300,000 sea otters from the coast of Japan to the coast of California.
2. By 1911 only a few thousand otters remained. Therefore their hunting was prohibited under the terms of an international treaty.
3. Its fur is the densest of any animal on Earth – an estimated 1 million hairs per square inch. That’s because, unlike its fellow marine mammals, it has no blubber to keep it warm.
Conservation issues:
Competition for commercial shellfish stocks, entanglement in commercial fishing gear, oil spills, disease outbreaks, contaminants, subsistence harvests, killer whale predation
The word “take” in this article means to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, traps, collect or kills. This act does not apply to Alaska Natives who live on the Alaskan Coast.
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
1. Before hunting began in 1700’s an estimated 150, 000 to 300, 000 sea otters occurred in coastal waters throughout the North Pacific Ocean from northern Japan to Mexico.
2. Survivors from hunting were scattered around remote areas of Russia, Alaska, British Columbia, and Central California.
3. Found in nearshore waters of North Pacific Ocean.
Conservation Issues: Competition for commercial shellfish stocks, entanglement in commercial fishing gear, oil spills, disease outbreaks, contaminants, subsistence harvests, killer whale predation
“Take” means “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so. The moratorium generally does not apply to Alaska natives who live on the Alaskan coast who use their catch in a non wasteful manner. Those also except from the laws are Commercial fishermen, including non-fishing activities, for scientific research and licensed institutions like Aquariums, science centers, etc.
Killer Whale (Orcinus orca)
1. Killer whales live for 50-90 years
2. They are one’s of the world’s largest type of dolphin
3. They eat fish, squid and seabirds
Conservation issues:
Interactions with commercial fishing gear, predation on commercially valuable fish stocks, whale watching, genetic diversity, small social units, predation on sea otters and other depleted marine mammals
4. The MMPA established a moratorium on the taking of marine mammals in U.S. waters. It defines “take” to mean “to hunt harass, capture, or kill” any marine mammal or attempt to do so.
5. The moratorium generally does not apply to Alaska natives who live on the Alaskan coast. The MMPA contains provisions allowing for take for subsistence use or to create and sell
10.The Mammal that I pick is the Hawaiian monk seal, the seal is very close to depleting of their number. The seal is one of the world’s most endangered seals. Populating about 1,400 animals, it occurs only in the Hawaiian Islands. The seal lifespan is only 30 years.
http://www.mmc.gov/species/hawaiianmonkseal.shtml
The word, take means to hunt, harass, capture, or kill any marine mammal or an attempt to do so. The congress has made this illegal to everyone except for incidental to commercial fishing, nonfishing activities; scientific research and for public display at licensed institutions.
The polar bear (Ursus maritimus)- specie of concern:
• Polar bears can traval to many territories (crossing over borders and to international waters)
• There are polar bears in Alaska
• There are (estimated) 21,000 to 28,000 polar bears world wide.
Range and Habitat: Circumpolar distribution along coastal areas and islands of the arctic
Status under Law: Not listed
Conservation issues: Subsistence harvests, oil and gas exploration and development, oil spills, contaminants, management of sport hunts, management for public display, international collaboration.
Physical characteristics: At Birth At Maturity
Length unavailable 2.1-2.6 m
(6’11″-8’6″)
Weight .6 kg
(1.25 lb) 300-800 kg
(660-1,800 lb)
Age: 30 years
Annual Report: For more information, see the Polar Bear section from the 2000 Annual Report
Download a copy: PDF (137 KB)
In this article, “take” means to “Hunt, harass, capture, or kill.” Anyone “taking” for commercial fishing, non fishing acti ities, scientific research, or public display at licensed instituions is exempt from the act.
Dugong (Dugong dugon)
The dugong is a member of the order Sirenia. The animal is known to be able to travel through vast expanses of ocean, and human exploitation has led the species to extinction in several archipelagoes
Conservation issues: Poaching, critically small population units, habitat degradation and coastal development, entanglement in commercial fishing gear
1. The Marine Mammal Protection Act uses the term “take” to mean “to hunt, harass, capture or kill” any marine mammal or the attempt to.
2. Those exempted from the Act are those who take part in commercial fishing, scientific research, public display at licensed institutions (science centers), or (usually) Alaska natives who live on the Alaskan coast.
3. Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
-1911, hunting was prohibited under the terms of an international treaty for the protection of North Pacific fur seals and sea otters signed by the U.S, Japan, Great Britain, Canada and Russia
-live up to 15-20 years
-Southern sea otter is threatened
Northern sea otter is not listed as threatened